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英语最基本的五个时态(3)

来源:广东网    更新时间:2008/3/1 13:21:46  阅读[6231]

 will she come?

  they won't object it.在以i 或 we 作主语的问句中,一般用shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b):a. shall i make a fair copy of it?

  which book shall i read first?

  where shall we meet?

  b. shall we have any classes tomorrow?

  when shall we have the rehearsal?

  shall i be able to find them there?

  在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是美国。

  what will we do?

  how will get there?

  which will i take?

  注意在时间或条件状语从句中,一般不能用将来时态,而用现在时态代替:i'll let you have the book when i'm through. they'll fight till they win complete victory. i'll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.注:在两种情况下条件从句可以用一般将来时:1. 表示愿望:if they won't cooperate, our plan will fall flat. 2.主句的谓语表时现在的情况:if he won't arrive this morning, why should we wait here.表示将要发生的动作或情况,除了一般将来时外,还有一些其他结构和时态:1. be going +不定式(表打算、准备作的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事):we ‘re going to put up a building here. how are you going to spend your holiday?

  who is going to speak first?

  2. be +不定式(表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方的意见):when is the factory to go into production?

  the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week. am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work?

  3.一般现在时(限于某些动词,表示按计划或时刻要发生的事):school finishes on january 18th. we get off at the next stop. when does the winter vacation begin?

  4.现在进行时(限于某些动词,表示按计划安排要发生的事):we are having an english evening tonight. they are playing some folk music next. i am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday )。

  在单纯表示将来情况,特别是谈一连串的事情或在带时间或条件状语从句的句子中,谓语多用将来时:next term i will try to do better. i'll speak more english and do more reading-aloud. he'll come to see you when he has time. he'll tell you if you ask him.在表示打算或准备时,如不提时间、条件等,多用be going to这个结构,用一般将来时时很少的,特别是在口语中:he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少说he will buy a dictionary.)

  在谈即将发生的情况时,用be going to 这个结构也多一些。在表示按计划安排要做得事时,用be to 的时候也不少。另外还有将来进行时等时态也可表示将来的动作。

  注:be about to 可表示即将作某事we are about to leave. he is about to retire.一般将来时有时还可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作:a drowning man will catch at a straw. crops will die without water. oil will float on water.注:这一时态有时用来表示揣测(a)或容量(b):a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister. b. the hall will seat 500people.

  四、 一般过去时一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,动词be有was, were两个过去式,was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。在构成否定及疑问句时,一般都借助助动词did, 动词be有其独特的疑问及否定形式(基本上和一般现在时一致)。这个时态的三种结构可表示如下:一般动词:i worked there. i did not work there. did you work there?

  动词be:i was there. i was not there. was i there?

  一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)

  who put forward the suggestion?

  when did she leave?

  she often came to help us.有些情况,发生的时间不很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的,应当用过去时态:i was glad to get your letter. what was the final score?

  how did you like their performance?

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